{"id":3701,"date":"2022-11-20T16:56:37","date_gmt":"2022-11-20T16:56:37","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/texnokun.uz\/?p=3701"},"modified":"2022-11-20T16:56:37","modified_gmt":"2022-11-20T16:56:37","slug":"xakerlarning-qanday-asosiy-turlari-mavjud","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/texnokun.uz\/?p=3701","title":{"rendered":"XAKERLARNING QANDAY ASOSIY TURLARI MAVJUD?"},"content":{"rendered":"\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Xakerlarning turlari haqida gaplashishdan avval keling \u201cXakerlar kimlar?\u201d va \u201cXakerlik nima?\u201d kabi savollarga javob olamiz.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Dastlab kompyuter paydo bo\u2018lganida, \u201cXaker\u201d so\u2018zi hurmatga sazovor bo\u2018lgan. Xaker iborasi unutilgan parollarni qayta tiklash, informatsion texnologiyalar bo\u2018yicha favqulodda malakaga ega mutaxassis yoki operatsion tizimning bir qismini yaxshiroq ishlashi uchun yordam beradigan shaxsga nisbatan ishlatilgan. Xakerlar eng qiyin muammolarning aqllii yechimlarini topish qobiliyati bilan insonlarning qalbidan joy olgan edi. Ammo vaqt o\u2018tishi bilan xaker so\u2018zining ma\u02bcnosi yo\u2018qoldi. Chunki hamma xakerlar OS yadrolarini o\u2018zgartirish va parollarni tiklash bilan cheklanib qolmay, ularning ba\u02bczilari kuchli himoyalangan kompyuterlarning parollarini buzib kirdilar va har qanday narsani kompyuter tizimidan o\u2018g\u2018irlash uchun buzg\u2018unchilik qilishga o\u2018tdilar. Shunday qilib xakerlar ijtimoiy foydali ishlarni amalga oshirishni, dasturlarni buzishni, kompyuter himoyalarini olib tashlashni va nusxa ko\u2018chirishni boshladi. Ushbu holat tufayli \u201cXaker\u201d atamasi turli xil xakerlik turlari va toifalariga bo\u2018linib ketdi.&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>Xakerlarning uchta asosiy turlari mavjud bo\u2018lib, ular:&nbsp;<\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><li>\u201cBlack hat\u201d Xakerlar<\/li><li>\u201cWhite hat\u201d Xakerlar<\/li><li>\u201cGrey hat\u201d Xakerlar<\/li><\/ul>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image\"><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/lh3.googleusercontent.com\/2TYohAi5iXlolB-t2BYrHYiEJj9YoXFZFkiaI2ns_egsu-0ECF55BvyfUzPgEIkqDUkMiqusmMiEvk81w_Tmm8H5_GeyISp33bEN3tR0Q791qoqtnAHJQgG3pnyO5vU7Qjq83VKJc5HjFHt-o5iGJQbEDhgl56SPnwqTtXOGWUXjSK6Tn9wV7cLlvtC4kA\" alt=\"\"\/><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Xakerlar kompyuterlar, tizimlar yoki tarmoqlarga ruxsatsiz kirish uchun ularning zaif nuqtalardan foydalanishadi. Ammo, bu ularning hammasi ham zararli va qonunbuzar degani emas. Bir gap bilan aytganda xakerlik &#8211; bu ma\u02bclum bir muammoni hal qilish uchun kompyuter ko\u2018nikmalaridan foydalanishdir.&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Xakerlarning har xil turlari mavjud bo\u2018lib, foydali ishlar bilan shug\u2018ullanuvchilari ham bor. Ular dasturlarning zaif tomonlarini topib, ishlab chiquvchilarga bu xatolarni to\u2018g\u2018irlashga ya\u02bcni dasturiy mahsulotlarini yaxshilashga yordam beradilar.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>\u201cBlack hat\u201d xakerlar<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u201cBlack hat\u201d xakerlar juda xavfli xakerlar hisoblanadi. Ular biror tizimga hech kimdan, hech qanday ruxsatsiz tizimni buzib kiradilar. Oqibatda bu tizimda mavjud barcha ma\u02bclumotlar yo\u2018qolishi, nusxalanishi, internet tarmog\u2018iga tarqatib yuborilishi yoki ma\u02bclumotlar evaziga ma\u02bclum miqdorda pul talab qilinishi mumkin. Ularni raqamli dunyodagi haqiqiy buzg\u2018unchilar deb atash mumkin.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Ransomware hujumlari \u201cBlack hat\u201d xakerlarining moliyaviy foyda olish yoki ma\u02bclumotlar tizimlarini buzish uchun foydalanadigan sevimli hiyla-nayrangidan biridir.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>\u201cWhite hat\u201d xakerlar<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Bu turdagi xakerlar yaxshilik yo\u2018lida o\u2018z bilimlaridan foydalanadi. Ular biror tashkilot yoki inson bilan kelishgan holda uning tizimini tekshirib beradilar. Masalan sizning kompyuteringizdagi tizim qanchalik &#8220;Black hat&#8221; xakerlar hujumiga bardoshli ekanini o\u2018zlarining bilimlariga asoslangan holda har xil hujumlar uyushtirib aniqlab beradilar. Ularni boshqacha qilib, kompyuter bo\u2018yicha yuqori darajali mutaxassislar deb atash mumkin.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>&#8220;Grey hat&#8221; xakerlar<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Xakkerlarning bu turini &#8220;White hat&#8221; va &#8220;Black hat&#8221; xakerlarning qo\u2018shilmasi deyish to\u2018g\u2018ri bo\u2018ladi. Bu turdagi xakerlar biror tizimga o\u2018zlarining xohishlari bilan buzib kiradilar va u yerdagi kamchiliklar haqida mazkur tizim egasiga xabar beradilar. Tizimni buzib kirganliklari noqonuniy lekin, tizim egasiga bu kamchilik haqida ogohlantirish berishlari to\u2018g\u2018ri yo\u2018l hisoblanadi. Shuning uchun ular o\u2018rtadagi xakerlar hisoblanadi (asosan havaskor, qiziquvchilar). Ammo &#8220;Grey hat&#8221; xakerlar o\u2018zlari topgan narsalar haqida to\u2018liq ma\u02bclumot berish evaziga to\u2018lov talab qilishlari mumkin.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"> <strong>Boshqa turdagi xakerlar<\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image\"><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/lh4.googleusercontent.com\/PbziU54K18Nknkwzseg_AT3BAcCOVzJuEv_Nc2nTsPFD1F1bY-bfj0JCSKwhAJMeJXrCm_YvDJkoZk5olNPW27URN63IfZgP9V1oTblkoEcSXw4CeGYb4NH3lStG1kpSbaTlKW8sndmRpP1iK6f3oUsAXNAWSPSRKSnDWXDVjrf6OqJgz8gkRRWe0Kydyg\" alt=\"\"\/><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Deyarli barcha xakerlar yuqporidagi uchta toifadan biriga kirsa ham, ularning boshqa kichik&nbsp; turlari ham mavjud.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><li><strong>\u201cGreen hat\u201d xakerlar:<\/strong> \u201cGreen hat\u201d xakerlar tajribali xakerlarning texnik ko\u2018nikmalariga ega bo\u2018lmaydilar, shuning uchun ular \u201cGreen hat\u201d xakerlar deb ataladi. Ular xavfsizlik tizimlarini chetlab o\u2018tish uchun fishing va boshqa ijtimoiy muhandislik usullaridan foydalanadilar.<\/li><\/ul>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><li><strong>\u201cBlue hat\u201d xakerlar: <\/strong>\u201cBlue hat\u201d xakerlar \u201cWhite hat\u201d xakerlarga o\u2018xshash bo\u2018lib, ular tashkilot tomonidan kirish testlarini o\u2018tkazish orqali xavfsizlik tizimlarini yaxshilashga yordam berish uchun yollanadilar.<\/li><\/ul>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><li><strong>\u201cRed hat\u201d xakerlar:<\/strong> Ular hushyor xakerlar hisoblanib, Black hat xakerlarga qarshi kurashadilar. Buni dark veb\u02bcdagi Black hat jamoalariga kirib, ularning tarmoqlari va qurilmalariga qarshi xakerlik hujumlarini amalga oshirish orqali amalga oshiradilar.<\/li><\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>White, black va grey hat xakerlar o&#8217;rtasidagi farq nimada?<\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">White, black va grey hat xakerlar o&#8217;rtasidagi asosiy farq kompyuter tizimlariga kirishdagi maqsadlaridadir. White hat xakerlar kiberxavfsizlikning zaif tomonlarini tekshiradi va tashkilotlarga xavfsizlikni kuchliroq rivojlantirishga yordam beradi. Black hat xakerlari esa g&#8217;arazli niyat bilan harakat qilishadi. Grey hat xakerlari black hat va white hat xakerlar orasidagi xakerlardir. Ular asosan havaskor, qiziquvchilardir. Grey hat xakerlari zararli emas, lekin foydali ham emas.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>Xakerlarning toifalari<\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><li><strong>Newbie <\/strong>&#8211; o\u2018z faoliyatini yangi boshlagan xakerlar. Ular odatda katta ziyon yetkaza olishmaydi.<\/li><li><strong>Script Kiddie <\/strong>&#8211; o\u2018zi kod terishni bilmaydi, ammo buzish ishlarini ma\u02bclum dasturlar orqali amalga oshiradigan xakerdir.<\/li><li><strong>Cracker <\/strong>&#8211; dasturlarni buzuvchi xakerlar. Bu toifaga kiruvchi xakerlar jamiyatda eng pastkash ish bajaruvchi shaxs deya baholansada, ular bizning foydamizni o\u2018ylashgan. Nimaga deysizmi? Siz shu paytgacha Windows\u2019da istalgan kompyuter dasturi yoki o\u2018yini uchun pul to\u2018laganmisiz? Yo\u2018q shundaymi? Bu hammasi Cracker\u2019lar sharofati bilan.<\/li><li><strong>Hacktivist &#8211; <\/strong>bu toifadagi xakerlar siyosiy maqsadlarni qo\u2018llab-quvvatlash, kiberhujumlarni amalga oshirish uchun birlashadigan jinoyatchilar guruhidir. Hacktivistlar odatda siyosiy sohalarni nishonga olishadi, lekin ba\u02bczida ular o\u2018zlarining siyosiy qarashlari yoki amaliyotlariga mos kelmaydigan boshqa&nbsp; tashkilotlarga hujum qilishadi.<\/li><li><strong>Suicide Hacker <\/strong>&#8211; o\u2018z joniga qasd qilgan xakerlar.<\/li><li><strong>Kiberterrorchi xaker<\/strong> &#8211; bu ma\u02bclum diniy yoki siyosiy e\u02bctiqodlar ta\u02bcsirida bo\u2018lgan xakerlar. Ular tizimlar va tarmoqlarning buzilishini keltirib chiqarish uchun ishlaydi.<\/li><li><strong>State sponsored hackers<\/strong> (Davlat tomonidan yollangan xakerlar) &#8211; hukumat homiyligidagi xakerlar utlar tomonidan boshqa hukumatlarning maxfiy ma&#8217;lumotlariga kirish uchun yollanadigan toifadagilar.<\/li><\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>Raqamli hayotingizni xakerlardan himoya qiling<\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">White hat xakerlarining barcha sa\u02bcy-harakatlariga qaramay, zararli xakerlar har doim o\u2018zlarining g\u2018arazli niyatlarini amalga oshirish uchun tizimning zaif tomonlarni topadilar. Shuning uchun ham har qanday onlayn tahdidlardan, kiberhujumlardan himoya qiladigan qo\u2018shimcha himoya tizimlariga ega bo\u2018lish juda muhimdir.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p><!-- wp:paragraph --><\/p>\n<p>Xakerlarning turlari haqida gaplashishdan avval keling \u201cXakerlar kimlar?\u201d va \u201cXakerlik nima?\u201d kabi savollarga javob olamiz.<\/p>\n<p><!-- \/wp:paragraph --><\/p>\n<p><!-- wp:paragraph --><\/p>\n<p>Dastlab kompyuter paydo bo\u2018lganida, \u201cXaker\u201d so\u2018zi hurmatga sazovor bo\u2018lgan. Xaker iborasi unutilgan parollarni qayta tiklash, informatsion texnologiyalar bo\u2018yicha favqulodda malakaga ega mutaxassis yoki operatsion tizimning bir qismini yaxshiroq ishlashi uchun yordam beradigan shaxsga nisbatan ishlatilgan. <\/p>\n<p><!-- \/wp:paragraph --><\/p>\n<p>#xaker<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":4,"featured_media":3741,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_mi_skip_tracking":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[5],"tags":[8,67],"class_list":["post-3701","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-axborot-xafvsizligi","tag-kiberxavfsizlik","tag-xaker"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/texnokun.uz\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/3701","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/texnokun.uz\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/texnokun.uz\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/texnokun.uz\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/4"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/texnokun.uz\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=3701"}],"version-history":[{"count":4,"href":"https:\/\/texnokun.uz\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/3701\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":3742,"href":"https:\/\/texnokun.uz\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/3701\/revisions\/3742"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/texnokun.uz\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/media\/3741"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/texnokun.uz\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=3701"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/texnokun.uz\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcategories&post=3701"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/texnokun.uz\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Ftags&post=3701"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}